@article{ref1,
title="The exploration of size and toddler interaction with liquid laundry detergent capsules",
journal="PLoS one",
year="2020",
author="Richmond, Annalise and Schwebel, David C. and Morgan, Casie H. and Liang, Zhiwu W. and Boutoille, Alice and Buso, Pablo and Mata, Ana and Stijntjes, Gerard",
volume="15",
number="12",
pages="e0244481-e0244481",
abstract="Liquid laundry capsules have been involved in multiple poisoning incidents with young children in the home. There are a range of contributing factors for these  incidents, including influences from industry, culture, home environments, and  parenting/supervision. There also are influences from children's behaviour and  decisions in reaction to potential hazards. Previous research examined the influence  of capsule product appearance and colour on children's behaviour around hazardous  household items, but little research examines the influence of product size. This  research explored if differences in the size of liquid laundry capsules result in  different levels of toddler interaction. We compared two commercially available  capsule designs that are identical in physical appearance but differ in physical  size. Our research was conducted using three studies: Study 1, forced-choice test in  an out-of-context laboratory setting; Study 2, an ecologically-valid, simulated  real-world setting replicating a home laundry cabinet with a container of capsules  left open; and Study 3, a second ecologically-valid study replicating a home laundry  cabinet, this time with a capsule left outside its container. Capsule interaction  was measured by grasping choice among samples of 156 toddlers ages 9-36 months. The  same sample was used for Studies 1 and 2, and a second identically sized sample  recruited for Study 3. <br><br>RESULTS from Study 1 indicated toddlers selected the small  (49.8% selection) and large (50.2%) capsule with nearly identical frequency. Study 2  largely replicated Study 1: Toddlers selected the small capsule or container of  small capsules 26.8% of the time and the large capsule or container of large  capsules 22.3% of the time. Study 3 also replicated previous findings: Toddlers  selected the smaller capsule 18.0% of the time and the larger 19.2%. We discuss  study results, which suggest no appreciable difference in toddler's grasping choice  to smaller versus larger laundry capsules.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-6203",
doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0244481",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244481"
}