@article{ref1,
title="How much sleep do you need? A comprehensive review of fatigue related impairment and the capacity to work or drive safely",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2020",
author="Dawson, D. and Sprajcer, M. and Thomas, M.",
volume="151",
number="",
pages="e105955-e105955",
abstract="In developed countries, deaths attributable to driving or working while intoxicated have steadily declined over recent decades. In part, this has been due to (a) public  education programs about the risks and (b) the deterrence value associated with  penalties and prosecutions based on an individual being 'deemed impaired' if they  exceed a proscribed level of blood alcohol or drug concentration while  driving/working. In contrast, the relative proportion of fatigue-related accidents  have remained stubbornly high despite significant public and workplace education. As  such, it may be useful to introduce the legal principle of 'deemed impaired' with  respect to fatigue and/or sleep loss. A comprehensive review of the impairment and  accident literature was performed, including 44 relevant publications. <br><br>FINDINGS from  this review suggests that a driver or worker might reasonably be 'deemed impaired'  once the amount of sleep falls below five hours in the prior 24. Building on the  legal principles first outlined in recent New Jersey legislation (Maggie's Law),  this review argues that an individual can reasonably be 'deemed impaired' based on  prior sleep wake behaviour. In Maggie's Law, a driver can be indirectly 'deemed  impaired' if they have not slept in the prior 24 h. Based on the extant literature,  we argue that, relative to drug and alcohol intoxication, this may be overly  conservative. While roadside measurement of fatigue and prior sleep-wake behavior is  not yet possible, we suggest that public education programs should provide specific  guidance on the amount of sleep required and that post-accident forensic examination  of prior sleep wake behaviours may help the community to determine unsafe behaviours  and liability more objectively than is currently the case.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="10.1016/j.aap.2020.105955",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105955"
}