@article{ref1,
title="Eye-head coordination and dynamic visual scanning as indicators of visuo-cognitive demands in driving simulator",
journal="PLoS one",
year="2020",
author="Mikula, Laura and Mejía-Romero, Sergio and Chaumillon, Romain and Patoine, Amigale and Lugo, Eduardo and Bernardin, Delphine and Faubert, Jocelyn",
volume="15",
number="12",
pages="e0240201-e0240201",
abstract="Driving is an everyday task involving a complex interaction between visual and cognitive processes. As such, an increase in the cognitive and/or visual demands can  lead to a mental overload which can be detrimental for driving safety. Compiling  evidence suggest that eye and head movements are relevant indicators of  visuo-cognitive demands and attention allocation. This study aims to investigate the  effects of visual degradation on eye-head coordination as well as visual scanning  behavior during a highly demanding task in a driving simulator. A total of 21  emmetropic participants (21 to 34 years old) performed dual-task driving in which  they were asked to maintain a constant speed on a highway while completing a visual  search and detection task on a navigation device. Participants did the experiment  with optimal vision and with contact lenses that introduced a visual perturbation  (myopic defocus). The results indicate modifications of eye-head coordination and  the dynamics of visual scanning in response to the visual perturbation induced. More  specifically, the head was more involved in horizontal gaze shifts when the visual  needs were not met. Furthermore, the evaluation of visual scanning dynamics, based  on time-based entropy which measures the complexity and randomness of scanpaths,  revealed that eye and gaze movements became less explorative and more stereotyped  when vision was not optimal. These results provide evidence for a reorganization of  both eye and head movements in response to increasing visual-cognitive demands  during a driving task. Altogether, these findings suggest that eye and head  movements can provide relevant information about visuo-cognitive demands associated  with complex tasks. Ultimately, eye-head coordination and visual scanning dynamics  may be good candidates to estimate drivers' workload and better characterize risky  driving behavior.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-6203",
doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0240201",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240201"
}