@article{ref1,
title="Modeling wrong-way driving (WWD) crash severity on arterials in Florida",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2020",
author="Kadeha, Cecilia and Haule, Henrick and Ali, Md Sultan and Alluri, Priyanka and Ponnaluri, Raj",
volume="151",
number="",
pages="e105963-e105963",
abstract="Wrong-way Driving (WWD) is the movement of a vehicle in a direction opposite to the one designated for travel. WWD studies and mitigation strategies have exclusively  been focused on limited-access facilities. However, it has been established that WWD  crashes on arterial corridors are also severe and relatively more common. As such,  this study focused on determining factors influencing the severity of WWD crashes on  arterials. The analysis was based on five years of WWD crashes (2012-2016) that  occurred on state-maintained arterial corridors in Florida. Police reports of 2,879  crashes flagged as &quot;wrong-way&quot; were downloaded and individually reviewed. The manual  review of the police reports revealed that of the 2,879 flagged WWD crashes, only  1,890 (i.e., 65.6 %) occurred as a result of a vehicle traveling the wrong way. The  Bayesian partial proportional odds (PPO) model was used to establish the  relationship between the severity of these WWD crashes and different driver  attributes, temporal factors, and roadway characteristics. The following variables  were significant at the 90 % Bayesian Credible Interval (BCI): day of the week,  lighting condition, presence of work zone, crash location, age and gender of the  wrong-way driver, airbag deployment, alcohol use, posted speed limit, speed ratio  (i.e., driver's speed over the posted speed limit), and the manner of collision. Based on the model results, specific countermeasures on Education, Engineering,  Enforcement, and Emergency response are discussed. Potential Transportation Systems  Management and Operations (TSM&O) strategies for WWD detection systems on arterials  to minimize WWD frequency and severity are also proposed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="10.1016/j.aap.2020.105963",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105963"
}