@article{ref1,
title="Propensities of red light running of pedestrians at the two-stage crossings with split pedestrian signal phases",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2020",
author="Zhu, Dianchen and Sze, N. N.",
volume="151",
number="",
pages="e105958-e105958",
abstract="Two-stage crossing with a median refuge island is commonly installed at the busy urban signalized intersections. To accommodate for the high traffic flow in  different directions, split phasing is often applied for pedestrians' right of way  of the two crossing stages. Previous studies mainly focus on the time delay,  capacity and operation efficiency of two-stage crossings. It is rare that safety of  two-stage crossings is investigated. Crossing behaviors and propensities of red  light running at the two crossing stages (i.e. from the curbside to a central  island, and then to another side of the road) are different from that of single  stage crossing. Also, there could be interferences in the crossing behaviors and  situational features between the two stages. This study aims to identify the  personal characteristics, traffic attributes and environmental factors that affect  the red light running propensities of pedestrians at the two-stage crossings, based  on the video observation surveys at six urban signal intersections in Hong Kong. Random parameter logit regression approach is applied to measure the association  between possible factors and propensities of red light running of pedestrians, with  which the effect of unobserved heterogeneity is accounted. <br><br>RESULTS indicate that,  other than the pedestrians' characteristics, pedestrian signal of the second stage,  maximum waiting time and traffic flow significantly affect the propensity of red  light running in the first stage. Also, there are significant interaction effects  between pedestrians' characteristics and situational features on the propensity. On  the other hand, pedestrians' waiting time before crossing the first stage  significantly affects the propensity of red light running in the second stage. <br><br>FINDINGS are indicative to the design of pedestrian crossing, signal time plan and  effective enforcement and education strategies that can deter against the red light  running behaviors of pedestrians. Therefore, safety of two-stage signalized  crossings can be enhanced.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="10.1016/j.aap.2020.105958",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105958"
}