@article{ref1,
title="Differences in the risk profiles of drunk and drug drivers: evidence from a mandatory roadside survey",
journal="Accident analysis and prevention",
year="2020",
author="Alcañiz, Manuela and Guillén, Montserrat and Santolino, Miguel",
volume="151",
number="",
pages="e105947-e105947",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The study assesses the prevalence rates of alcohol- and drug-involved driving in Catalonia (Spain). <br><br>METHOD: Drivers were randomly selected for roadside  testing using a stratified random sampling procedure representative of all vehicles  circulating on non-urban roads. Mandatory alcohol and drug tests were performed  during autumn 2017. A sample of 6860 drivers were tested for alcohol use, of these  671 were also tested for drugs. Standard procedures were employed by traffic  officers to detect alcohol and drug use. Alcohol breath tests were performed with  breathalyser devices and on-site drug screening systems were used to test for drugs. <br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of alcohol use above the legal limit and drug use were 1.2 %  (95 % CI: 0.9-1.5 %) and 8.3 % (95 % CI: 5.8-11.2 %), respectively. The most  frequent drugs detected were THC (5.6 %, 95 % CI: 3.7-8.0 %), cocaine (3.5 %, 95 %  CI: 2.0-5.5 %) and amphetamines (1.6 %, 95 % CI: 0.6-3.4 %). Alcohol use was  detected more frequently on conventional roads, at weekends and during night-time  hours. Drug use was detected more frequently in young males during daytime hours. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Driver risk profiles associated with alcohol use and drug use differ. Positive alcohol use is not a predictor of drug use when controlling for all other  factors.  Keywords: Ethanol impaired driving; DUID<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0001-4575",
doi="10.1016/j.aap.2020.105947",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105947"
}