@article{ref1,
title="Violence, HIV risks, and polysubstance use among HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Ukraine",
journal="AIDS and behavior",
year="2021",
author="Lee, Jungeun Olivia and Yoon, Yoewon and Idrisov, Bulat and Kiriazova, Tetiana and Makarenko, Olena and Sereda, Yuliia and Bendiks, Sally and Cody, Kate and Schoenberger, Samantha F. and Nurius, Paula S. and Halim, Nafisa and Flanigan, Timothy and Samet, Jeffrey H. and Liebschutz, Jane and Lunze, Karsten",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Violence experience has been consistently associated with HIV risks and substance use behaviors. Although many studies have focused on intimate partner violence  (IPV), the role of violence at a structural level (i.e., police abuse) remains  relevant for people who inject drugs. This study evaluated the association of IPV  and police-perpetrated violence experiences with HIV risk behaviors and substance  use in a cohort of HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Ukraine. We also  evaluated possible moderation effects of gender and socioeconomic status in the  links between violence exposure and HIV risk and polysubstance use behaviors. Data  came from the Providence/Boston-CFAR-Ukraine Study involving 191 HIV-positive people  who inject drugs conducted at seven addiction treatment facilities in Ukraine. <br><br>RESULTS from logistic regressions suggest that people who inject drugs and  experienced IPV had higher odds of polysubstance use than those who did not  experience IPV. Verbal violence and sexual violence perpetrated by police were  associated with increased odds of inconsistent condom use. The odds of engaging in  polysubstance use were lower for women in relation to police physical abuse. We  found no evidence supporting socioeconomic status moderations. Violence experiences  were associated with substance use and sexual HIV risk behaviors in this cohort of  HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Ukraine. Trauma-informed prevention  approaches that consider both individual and structural violence could improve this  population's HIV risks.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1090-7165",
doi="10.1007/s10461-020-03142-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03142-3"
}