@article{ref1,
title="Craniocerebral nail gun injuries: a definitive review of the literature",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2021",
author="Murray, Lewis",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="AIM: Nail guns are important time saving devices but are associated with morbidity and mortality. Specifically, craniocerebral injuries have been reported in the  literature since 1963 and have increased in frequency as the use of these tools has  become commonplace. There remains a paucity of literature comprehensively assessing  nail gun injuries, as compared with other penetrating craniocerebral injuries like  those from firearms. <br><br>METHOD: A literature review of PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane  library, and Google Scholar for articles published between 1960 and 2018 reporting  craniocerebral nail gun injuries. <br><br>RESULTS: In total, 96 individual cases were  identified, with 80 meeting inclusion criteria. These were categorized as accidental  and intentional injuries. The demographic was overwhelmingly young males (97.5%),  and intentional self-inflicted injuries (54%) was the most frequent mechanism of  injury. Overall mortality was 10%. Mortality was more common in patients with  intentional injuries, but morbidity rates were similar between the accidental and  intentional injury cohorts. Post-operative complications rate was 23.8%. <br><br>CONCLUSION:  Craniocerebral nail gun injuries are associated with lower rates of both mortality  and residual neurological deficits than craniocerebral firearms injuries. There is  limited data to inform clinical prognostication about long-term neurological  impairments and the time to recovery which should be addressed in future studies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2020.1867767",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2020.1867767"
}