@article{ref1,
title="Mechanisms of negative fetal outcome in frontal vehicle collisions involving unbelted pregnant drivers",
journal="Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)",
year="2021",
author="Takeda, Arisa and Motozawa, Yasuki and Takaso, Marin and Nakamura, Mami and Hattori, Shinobu and Hitosugi, Masahito",
volume="9",
number="1",
pages="e25-e25",
abstract="To determine the cause of negative fetal outcomes and the causative mechanism in a frontal collision, we analyzed the kinematics and mechanisms of injuries using an  unbelted pregnant dummy, the Maternal Anthropometric Measurement Apparatus dummy,  version 2B. Sled tests were performed to recreate frontal impact situations with  impact speeds of 13, 26, and 40 km/h. Overall kinematics of the dummy were examined  through high-speed video imaging. Quantitative dummy responses-such as time courses  of the abdominal pressure, chest deflection, neck injury criteria (Nij), and  displacement of the pelvis during impact-were also measured. The maximum abdominal  pressure of 103.3 kPa was obtained at an impact speed of 13 km/h. The maximum chest  deflection of 38.5 mm and Nij of 0.36 were obtained at an impact speed of 26 km/h. The highest maximum chest deflection of >40.9 mm, Nij of 0.61, and forward pelvis  displacement of 478 mm were obtained at an impact speed of 40 km/h. Although the  kinematics and mechanism of injuries of the dummy were different for different  collision speeds, we found that unbelted pregnant drivers suffer severe or fatal  injuries to the fetus even in low-speed collisions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2227-9032",
doi="10.3390/healthcare9010025",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010025"
}