@article{ref1,
title="Obstetric violence in Spain (part II): interventionism and medicalization during birth",
journal="International journal of environmental research and public health",
year="2021",
author="Mena-Tudela, Desirée and Iglesias-Casás, Susana and González-Chordá, Víctor Manuel and Cervera-Gasch, Águeda and Andreu-Pejó, Laura and Valero-Chilleron, María Jesús",
volume="18",
number="1",
pages="e199-e199",
abstract="BACKGROUND: obstetric violence can partially be represented by the high number of interventions and medicalization rates during the birthing process. The objective of  the present study was to determine the interventionism and medicalization levels  during childbirth in Spain. <br><br>METHODS: a descriptive, retrospective, and  cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and June 2019. <br><br>RESULTS: the  intervention percentages were 34.2% for Kristeller maneuver and 39.3% for  episiotomy. Differences appeared in public, private, and mixed healthcare settings  (p < 0.001). The mean satisfaction, with healthcare in the different settings, was  estimated at 6.88 points (SD ± 2.146) in public healthcare, 4.76 points (SD ± 3.968)  in private healthcare, and 8.03 points (SD ± 1.930) in mixed healthcare (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in Spanish autonomous  communities. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: births in Spain seem to be highly intervened. In this  study, a certain equity criterion was found concerning interventionism during  childbirth in Spain. Healthcare influenced female intervention, satisfaction, and  perception levels for obstetric violence; this evidences that female empowerment  plays an important role.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1661-7827",
doi="10.3390/ijerph18010199",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010199"
}