@article{ref1,
title="Prevalence and hospital charges from firearm injuries treated in US emergency departments from 2006 to 2016",
journal="Surgery",
year="2021",
author="Kalesan, Bindu and Siracuse, Jeffrey J. and Cook, Alan and Prosperi, Mattia and Fagan, Jeffrey and Galea, Sandro",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Age- and intent-related differences in the burden and costs of firearm injury treated in emergency departments are not well-documented. <br><br>METHODS: We  performed a serial cross-sectional study of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization  Program Nationwide Emergency Department Survey from 2006 to 2016. We used  International Classification of Diseases diagnoses codes revisions 9 and 10 to  identify firearm injuries. We calculated survey-weighted counts, proportions, means,  and rates and confidence intervals of national, age-specific (0-4, 5-9, 10-14,  15-17, 18-44, 45-64, 65-84, >84) and intent-specific (assault, unintentional,  suicide, undetermined) emergency department discharges for firearm injuries. We used  survey-weighted regression to assess temporal trends. <br><br>RESULTS: There was a total of  868,483 (25.5 per 100,000) emergency department visits for firearm injuries from  2006 to 2016, and 7.8% died in the emergency department. Overall, firearm injury  rates remained steady (P =.78). The largest burden was among those 25 to 44 years  of age, but their rates remained stable (10.8 per 100,000). Overall assault injuries  declined from 39.7% to 36.4%, and overall unintentional injuries increased from  46.4% to 54.7%. Legal-intervention injuries declined from 0.6 to 0.3 per 100,000. The charges (total $4,059,070,364, $369,006,396/year) increased across time in age  and intent groups. The mean predicted charges increased from $1,922 to $3,348 in  those alive versus $3,741 to $6,515 among those who died. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Interventions  and programs to manage the consequences of firearm injury in persons who live with  ongoing morbidity and economic burden are warranted.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0039-6060",
doi="10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.009",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.009"
}