@article{ref1,
title="Self-reported dysphagia and pharyngeal volume following whiplash injury",
journal="Dysphagia",
year="2021",
author="Stone, D. and Ward, E. C. and Bogaardt, H. and Heard, R. and Martin-Harris, B. and Smith, A. C. and Elliott, J. M.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Difficulty swallowing has been reported following whiplash injury; however, the reasons remain poorly understood. A possible factor may be the observed changes in  pharyngeal volume. The current exploratory study was designed to examine the  prevalence of self-reported dysphagia after whiplash and the relationship with  recovery status and change in pharyngeal volume. Data were available from a  longitudinal study of adults with whiplash. Data included magnetic resonance imaging  (MRI) of the cervical spine, the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI), and Neck Disability  Index (NDI) collected over four timepoints (< 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 months, and 12  months post-injury). Initial cross-sectional analysis examined 60 patients with DHI  data from at least one timepoint. A second, longitudinal analysis was conducted on  31 participants with MRI, NDI, and DHI data at both early (< 1-2 weeks) and late  (3-12 months) timepoints. The pharynx was contoured on axial T2-weighted MRI slices  using OsiriX image processing software and pharyngeal volume (mm(3)) was quantified. In the 60-patient cohort, prevalence of self-reported dysphagia (DHI ≥ 3) was  observed in 50% of participants at least once in 12 months (M = 4.9, SD 8.16, range  0-40). In the longitudinal cohort (n = 31), mean total DHI significantly (p = 0.006)  increased between early and late stages. There was no relationship (p = 1.0) between  dysphagia and recovery status, per the NDI% score. Pharyngeal volume remained stable  and there was no relationship between dysphagia and pharyngeal volume change  (p = 1.0). This exploratory study supports the need for further work to understand  the nature of dysphagia, extent of functional compromise, and the underlying  pathophysiology post-whiplash.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0179-051X",
doi="10.1007/s00455-020-10233-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10233-9"
}