@article{ref1,
title="Health-promoting behaviours and concussion history are associated with cognitive function, mood-related symptoms and emotional-behavioural dyscontrol in former NFL  players: an NFL-LONG Study",
journal="British journal of sports medicine",
year="2021",
author="McCrea, Michael and Echemendia, Ruben J. and Stoner, Lee and Smith-Ryan, Abbie E. and DeFreese, J. D. and Chandran, Avinash and Brett, Benjamin L. and Kerr, Zachary Y. and Walton, Samuel R. and Guskiewicz, Kevin M. and Meehan Iii, William P.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships among self-reported sport-related concussion (SRC) history and current health-promoting behaviours (exercise  frequency, diet quality and sleep duration) with self-reported measures of brain  health (cognitive function, symptoms of depression and anxiety and  emotional-behavioural dyscontrol) in former NFL players. <br><br>METHODS: In this  cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was sent to former NFL players. Respondents  reported SRC history (categorical: 0; 1-2; 3-5; 6-9; 10+ concussions), number of  moderate-to-vigorous aerobic and resistance exercise sessions per week, diet quality  (Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants-Shortened) and average nightly sleep  duration. Outcomes were Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System  Cognitive Function, Depression, and Anxiety, and Neuro-QoL Emotional-Behavioral  Dyscontrol domain T-scores. Multivariable linear regression models were fit for each  outcome with SRC history, exercise frequency, diet quality and sleep duration as  explanatory variables alongside select covariates. <br><br>RESULTS: Multivariable regression  models (n=1784) explained approximately 33%-38% of the variance in each outcome. For  all outcomes, SRC history (0.144≤|β|≤0.217) was associated with poorer functioning,  while exercise frequency (0.064≤|β|≤0.088) and diet quality (0.057≤|β|≤0.086) were  associated with better functioning. Sleeping under 6 hours per night  (0.061≤|β|≤0.093) was associated with worse depressive symptoms, anxiety and  emotional-behavioural dyscontrol. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Several variables appear to be  associated with mood and perceived cognitive function in former NFL players. SRC  history is non-modifiable in former athletes; however, the effects of increasing  postplaying career exercise frequency, making dietary improvements, and obtaining  adequate sleep represent important potential opportunities for preventative and  therapeutic interventions.  Keywords: American football <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0306-3674",
doi="10.1136/bjsports-2020-103400",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-103400"
}