@article{ref1,
title="Prevalence of childhood maltreatment among people with opioid use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="Drug and alcohol dependence",
year="2020",
author="Degenhardt, Louisa and Colledge, Samantha and Di Tanna, Gian Luca and Tran, Lucy Thi and Gisev, Natasa and Campbell, Gabrielle and Santo, Thomas Jr",
volume="219",
number="",
pages="e108459-e108459",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Experience of childhood maltreatment (CM) is a risk factor for opioid use disorder (OUD). CM is also associated with comorbid mental disorders and poor  treatment outcomes among people with OUD. To our knowledge, this is the first  systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of CM among people  with OUD. <br><br>METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO to identify  observational studies that evaluated CM among people with OUD from January 1990 to  June 2020. Prevalence of each CM type, sample characteristics, and methodological  factors were extracted from each eligible study. Random-effects meta-analyses were  used to pool prevalence estimates. Stratified meta-analyses were used to assess  heterogeneity. <br><br>RESULTS: Of the 6,438 publications identified, 113 studies reported  quantitative CM data among people with OUD and 62 studies (k = 62; N = 21,871) were  included in primary analyses. Among people with OUD, the estimated prevalence of  sexual abuse was 41% (95% CI 36-47%; k = 38) among women and 16% (95% CI 12-20%; k =  25) among men. Among all people with OUD, prevalence estimates were 38% (95% CI  33-44%; k = 48) for physical abuse, 43% (95% CI 38-49%; k = 31) for emotional abuse,  38% (95% CI 30-46%; k = 17) for physical neglect, and 42% (95% CI 32-51%; k = 17)  for emotional neglect. Sex, history of injecting drug use, recruitment methods, and  method of assessing CM were associated with substantial heterogeneity. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS:  People with OUD frequently report the experience of CM, supporting the need for  trauma-informed interventions among this population. Future research should consider  the impact of CM on OUD presentations and when assessment is appropriate, use of  validated instruments.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0376-8716",
doi="10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108459",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108459"
}