@article{ref1,
title="Neuroanatomical changes associated with conduct disorder in boys: influence of childhood maltreatment",
journal="European child and adolescent psychiatry",
year="2021",
author="Yuan, Shuwen and Cao, Wanyi and Dong, Daifeng and He, Jiayue and Sun, Xiaoqiang and Yao, Shuqiao and Wu, Qiong and Ma, Ren and Zhang, Jibiao and Ming, Qingsen and Jiang, Yali and Gao, Yidian",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Childhood maltreatment (CM) poses a serious risk to the physical, emotional and psychological well-being of children, and can advance the development of maladaptive  behaviors, including conduct disorder (CD). CD involves repetitive, persistent  violations of others' basic rights and societal norms. Little is known about whether  and how CM influences the neural mechanisms underlying CD, and CD-characteristic  neuroanatomical changes have not yet been defined in a structural magnetic resonance  imaging (sMRI) study. Here, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based  morphometry (SBM) to investigate the influence of the CD diagnosis and CM on the  brain in 96 boys diagnosed with CD (62 with CM) and 86 typically developing (TD)  boys (46 with CM). The participants were 12-17 years of age. Compared to the CM- CD  group, the CM+ CD group had structural gray matter (GM) alterations in the  fronto-limbic regions, including the left amygdala, right posterior cingulate cortex  (PCC), right putamen, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and right  anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We also found boys with CD exhibited increased GM  volume in bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), as well as decreased GM  volume and decreased gyrification in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) relative  to TD boys. Regional GM volume correlated with aggression and conduct problem  severity in the CD group, suggesting that the GM changes may contribute to increased  aggression and conduct problems in boys with CD who have suffered CM. In conclusion,  these results demonstrate previously unreported CM-associated distinct brain  structural changes among CD-diagnosed boys.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1018-8827",
doi="10.1007/s00787-020-01697-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01697-z"
}