@article{ref1,
title="Driven to distraction: dual-task studies of simulated driving and conversing on a cellular telephone",
journal="Psychological science",
year="2001",
author="Strayer, David L. and Johnston, W. A.",
volume="12",
number="6",
pages="462-466",
abstract="Dual-task studies assessed the effects of cellular-phone conversations on performance of a simulated driving task. Performance was not disrupted by listening to radio broadcasts or listening to a book on tape. Nor was it disrupted by a continuous shadowing task using a handheld phone, ruling out, in this case, dual-task interpretations associated with holding the phone, listening, or speaking, However significant interference was observed in a word-generation variant of the shadowing task, and this deficit increased with the difficulty of driving. Moreover unconstrained conversations using either a handheld or a hands-free cell phone resulted in a twofold increase in the failure to detect simulated traffic signals and slower reactions to those signals that were detected. We suggest that cellular-phone use disrupts performance by diverting attention to an engaging cognitive context other than the one immediately associated with driving.   Keywords: Driver distraction;<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0956-7976",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}