@article{ref1,
title="Firearm purchases without background checks in California",
journal="Preventive medicine",
year="2021",
author="Wintemute, Garen J. and Azrael, Deborah R. and Miller, Matthew and Kagawa, Rose and Pallin, Rocco and Kravitz-Wirtz, Nicole",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Background checks are designed to prevent firearm acquisition by people prohibited from purchasing or possessing firearms. There is limited information about  background checks, particularly on a state by state basis. We conducted a  state-representative, probability-based, Internet survey of California adults in  2018 (n=2558; completion rate 49%) to describe where, when, and how firearms are  acquired and to estimate the proportion of current firearm owners who purchased  their most recent firearm without a background check. An estimated 17.2% (95% CI:  9.6-28.8) of firearm owners who purchased their most recent firearm within  California in 1991 or later, following implementation of the state's comprehensive  background check law, reported doing so without a background check. This percentage  was 44.6% (95% CI: 27.1-63.5) among owners who purchased their most recent firearm  before 1991 and 27.1% (95% CI: 13.1-47.7) among those who purchased their most  recent firearm outside California. Firearm purchases without background checks  occurred more often for firearms purchased from private sellers (72.3%; 95% CI:  35.5-92.5) than retailers (8.5%; 95% CI: 3.4-19.7). Overall, firearm purchases  without background checks are considerably less common in California than in states  without regulations on private sales. However, gaps in implementation and proper  enforcement remain. Future research could investigate reasons for such lapses, as  well as complementary state policy approaches that require background checks prior  to point of purchase.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-7435",
doi="10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106414",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106414"
}