@article{ref1,
title="Incidence and comorbidities of disruptive behavior disorders diagnosed in Finnish specialist psychiatric services",
journal="Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology",
year="2021",
author="Sourander, Andre and Gissler, Mika and Chudal, Roshan and Heinonen, Emmi and Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki, Susanna and Korhonen, Laura and Gyllenberg, David and Uotila, Jaakko",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD), including oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), are some of the most common psychiatric  conditions in childhood. Despite this, there has been limited research on DBDs. We  examined the incidence, comorbidity and gender differences of DBDs diagnosed by  specialist services. <br><br>METHOD: This was a nationwide register study of 570,815  children and adolescents born in 1996-2005. The 7050 individuals diagnosed with DBD  by specialist healthcare services were matched to 26,804 controls. <br><br>RESULTS: By the  age of 15, the cumulative incidence of diagnosed DBDs was 3.5% for boys and 1.4% for  girls. The yearly incidence rate increased for girls after 13 years of age, while  the incidence for boys was relatively stable between 8 and 15 years of age. When we  compared subjects born between 1996-1998 and 1999-2001, we found that by the age of  12, the cumulative incidence per 100 people had increased from 0.56 to 0.68 among  girls and from 2.3 to 2.6 among boys. This indicated a minor increase in treated  incidence. The parents of children diagnosed with DBDs had lower educational levels  than the parents of controls. Children with DBD were also more likely to have been  diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Although DBDs were 3.5 times  more common among boys during the whole follow-up period, the yearly incidence  during adolescence was fairly similar between boys and girls. DBD existed alongside  various psychiatric disorders at a relatively young age and only a minor increase in  treated incidence was found during childhood.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0933-7954",
doi="10.1007/s00127-020-02015-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-02015-3"
}