@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol and tobacco consumption: what is the role of economic security?",
journal="Addiction",
year="2021",
author="Mason, Kate and Li, Yuxi and Martino, Erika and Baker, Emma and Bentley, Rebecca",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="AIMS: To understand better the longstanding inequalities concerning alcohol and tobacco use, we aimed to quantify the effect of household economic security on  alcohol and tobacco consumption and expenditure. <br><br>DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis using  data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey  (2001-2018).. SETTING: Australia PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative cohort of  24,134 adults aged 25-64 years (187,378 observations). MEASUREMENTS: Tobacco and  alcohol use (Yes/No), frequency of use of each per week, household expenditure on  each per week, household weekly income (CPI-adjusted), employment security (based on  conditions of employment), and housing affordability (housing costs relative to  household income). <br><br>FINDINGS: At baseline, one-quarter of the sample used tobacco and  87% used alcohol. Annual increases in household income were associated with the  increased use of both tobacco and alcohol for people in households in the lowest 40%  of the national income distribution (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.03-1.23 and OR 1.12, 95% CI  1.04-1.20 respectively) with no similar income effect observed for higher-income  households. In relation to smoking, the odds of a resident's tobacco use increased  when their household was unemployed (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.07-1.62). In relation to  alcohol, the odds of use decreased when households were insecurely employed or  unemployed, or housing costs were unaffordable (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77-0.98, OR 0.66,  95%CI 0.55-0.80 and OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.93 respectively). This was also reflected  in the reduced odds of risky drinking (defined in accordance with Australian  guidelines) when housing became unaffordable or households became unemployed (OR  0.90, 95% CI 0.81-0.99; OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.98 respectively). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In  Australia, smoking and drinking appear to exhibit different socio-behavioural  characteristics and household unemployment appears to be a strong determinant of  smoking.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0965-2140",
doi="10.1111/add.15400",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/add.15400"
}