@article{ref1,
title="Adult maxillofacial trauma patterns in American football",
journal="Journal of cranialfacial surgery",
year="2021",
author="Stucker, Fred J. and Othman, Sammy and Lafferty, David and Melley, Lauren E. and Cohn, Jason E. and Bundrick, Paige",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: The authors aimed to identify and categorize adult maxillofacial trauma patterns in the setting of American football. <br><br>METHODS: The National  Electronic Injury Surveillance System was accessed to identify adult patients  presenting with football-related head and facial injuries from 2009 to 2018. Data  surrounding each event were collected including age, injury type, injury location,  and disposition of the patient. Chi-squared testing was performed to compare  categorical variables, with a Bonferroni correction applied. <br><br>RESULTS: During the  study period, 1784 total patients (national estimate = 65,052) were identified. The  average age for this cohort was 27.26 (SD ± 8.49), with young adults (86.1%) and  males (87.9%) sustaining the majority of injuries. Lacerations were the most common  injury type (43.1%). Maxillofacial fractures comprised 15.8% of the sample, with  nasal bone (52.8%) being the most common subtype. Female patients were significantly  more likely to present with head injuries than men (46.8% versus 29.0%, P < 0.001). Young and middle-aged adults combined were more likely to be discharged from the  emergency department, whereas the elderly were significantly less likely  (P = 0.002). Patients with fractures were significantly more likely to be admitted  to the hospital compared to all other types of injuries (P < 0.001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: An  understanding of maxillofacial injuries while participating in American football is  important in developing safety initiatives. To address these, it is crucial that  providers understand the patterns of craniofacial injuries as they relate to  American football trauma.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1049-2275",
doi="10.1097/SCS.0000000000007399",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000007399"
}