@article{ref1,
title="Bivariate growth of perceived containment and functions of aggression over 2 years",
journal="Research on child and adolescent psychopathology",
year="2021",
author="Fite, Paula J. and Tampke, Elizabeth C.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Perceived containment is the belief that one can be controlled by the limits set by authority figures, with low levels of perceived containment indicating that one does  not believe they can be controlled by others. Low levels of perceived containment  have been associated with a range of problem behaviors in youth, including proactive  and reactive aggression. However, the stability of perceived containment across time  and authority figures in middle childhood is not well understood. Additionally, more  research is needed to understand how perceived containment is associated with the  trajectories of related problem behavior, such as proactive and reactive functions  of aggression. Thus, the current study evaluated univariate and bivariate growth  trajectories of perceived containment and proactive and reactive aggression across  2 years in middle childhood. Participants were 249 elementary school youth (41%  female, 7-10 years old). Children self-reported on perceived containment and  proactive and reactive aggression at 4 time points across a two-year period. <br><br>RESULTS  indicated that perceived containment and proactive aggression remained stable, while  reactive aggression increased over a two-year period. Bivariate models indicated  that perceived containment was negatively associated with the latent intercept of  proactive and reactive aggression; however, perceived containment was not  significantly associated with growth of reactive aggression. <br><br>FINDINGS and  implications for treatment and prevention are discussed in turn.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2730-7166",
doi="10.1007/s10802-020-00729-1",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00729-1"
}