@article{ref1,
title="Paraffin dangers, health and socioeconomic consequences: urgent need for policy action",
journal="South African medical journal SAMJ",
year="2020",
author="Seedat, M. and Van Niekerk, A. and Kimemia, D.",
volume="111",
number="1",
pages="17-19",
abstract="Illuminating paraffin (kerosene) is the primary cooking fuel for approximately two million South Africans. The highly flammable and toxic fuel is burnt in poorly made  stoves that are prone to malfunction and are associated with accidental fires, burns  and household air pollution. However, the fuel continues to be used as it is easily  decanted, widely available in neighbourhood outlets, perceived as affordable, and  often the only available option for low-income urban settlements. It is anticipated  that increased and enforced home congestion during COVID-19 lockdowns will  exacerbate exposure of homebound families to unsafe energy, especially during the  cold winter months. Based on an accumulation of evidence on the health and  socioeconomic impacts of paraffin, this article advocates for its expedited  phase-out and substitution with safer energy.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0038-2469",
doi="10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v111i1.15095",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v111i1.15095"
}