@article{ref1,
title="Redefining exposure: using mobile technology and geospatial analysis to explore when and where Chicago adolescents are exposed to neighborhood characteristics",
journal="American journal of community psychology",
year="2021",
author="Roy, Amanda L. and Poulos, Chris D. and Eisenberg, Yochai and DaViera, Andrea L. and Isaia, Ashley R.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Differences in how individuals navigate and interact with physical space have clear implications for when and where they are exposed to environmental characteristics. To address this reality, we propose and test a novel method with a sample of Chicago  adolescents that links individual GPS coordinates with locations of environmental  characteristics as a strategy to increase precision in the measurement of  environmental exposures. We use exposure to violent crime as an example and link the  GPS coordinates of 51 youth collected over a one-week period during the summer of  2016 to locations and times of violent crime. We explore different spatial and  temporal parameters to determine whether an exposure occurred. Using the 660-foot  (201 m), 24-hour operationalization, we found that youth were exposed to a total of  126 violent crimes, with an average of 3.82 (SD = 3.24) per respondent. This was  higher than the 12 that were identified when exposure was calculated as the number  of violent crimes occurring within 660 feet (201 m) of youths' residential addresses  during the week-long assessment period. Examining correlations between the different  exposure variables and measures of youths' psychological functioning, we found the  largest relationships when using the GPS-based indices. We present a strategy for  measuring exposure to environmental characteristics using GPS data. Higher rates of  crime exposure are found based on GPS coordinates than with residential address. GPS-based exposure measures are related to youths' psychological functioning.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0091-0562",
doi="10.1002/ajcp.12490",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12490"
}