@article{ref1,
title="Indirect effects of PTSD and complex PTSD in the relationship of polyvictimization with intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration among men in mandated  treatment",
journal="European journal of psychotraumatology",
year="2020",
author="Gilbar, Ohad and Ford, Julian",
volume="11",
number="1",
pages="e1794653-e1794653",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Polyvictimization is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), severe impairment, and re-victimization, including due to intimate partner  violence (IPV), but polyvictmization's role in the perpetration of IPV is less  clear. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: To examine the indirect effect of PTSD and complex PTSD in the  relationship between polyvictimization and IPV perpetration. <br><br>METHOD: Polyvictims  were identified by cluster analysis of self-reported lifetime victimization history  data in a random national sample (N = 234) of men at 66 clinical treatment centers  for domestic violence perpetrators in Israel. <br><br>RESULTS: Four sub-groups were  identified: low exposure to abuse and physical neglect (C1, N = 105), and three  polyvictim sub-groups characterized by multiple forms of past exposure to neglect  and verbal abuse (C2, N = 38), to verbal and physical abuse without neglect (C3, N =  46), or to neglect and both verbal and physical abuse (C4, N = 28). Participants  also were characterized as having low exposure to traumatic events across the  lifespan (cluster L5, N=156), or high exposure to traumatic events across the  lifespan (cluster L6, N=78). Complex PTSD symptoms had an indirect effect in the  relationship between membership in the C3 and C4 polyvictimization clusters (β=.45,  p<.05, β=.60, p<.05; respectively) and severity of psychological IPV victimization,  as well as between C3 polyvictimization cluster membership and severity of  psychological IPV perpetration (β=.32, p<.05). In contrast, PTSD symptoms had no  indirect effect in any relationship between cluster membership and IPV outcomes. High lifetime trauma exposure also was directly associated with sexual IPV  victimization. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Complex PTSD may be a mechanism linking  polyvictimization to the severity of both IPV victimization and perpetration. Clinical implications are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2000-8198",
doi="10.1080/20008198.2020.1794653",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1794653"
}