@article{ref1,
title="Latent classes of childhood maltreatment in children and adolescents in foster care: associations with ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD",
journal="European journal of psychotraumatology",
year="2020",
author="Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte and Haselgruber, Alexander and Sölva, Katharina",
volume="11",
number="1",
pages="e1832757-e1832757",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Children and adolescents in foster care often experience many co-occurring subtypes of maltreatment. However, little is known about different  combinations of maltreatment subtypes, referred to as maltreatment classes. Furthermore, the association between those maltreatment classes and ICD-11  posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) has not been  investigated in children and adolescents. In previous studies, classes characterized  by cumulative maltreatment were associated with severe psychopathological symptoms. So far, no study investigated ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: The first aim of  this study was the detection of distinct maltreatment classes by examining  frequently co-occurring maltreatment subtypes. The second aim was the examination of  the association between those maltreatment classes and ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD. <br><br>METHOD: Participants were 147 children and adolescents currently living in foster  care institutions in Lower Austria. Maltreatment history, ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD were  assessed using standardized self-report questionnaires. Latent class analysis was  applied to examine maltreatment subtypes. χ(2) difference testing was used to  examine class associations with PTSD and CPTSD. <br><br>RESULTS: Three latent classes that  comprised different subtypes of maltreatment were identified (limited maltreatment,  n = 49; high neglect, n = 53; cumulative maltreatment, n = 45). Cumulative  maltreatment was associated with higher symptom severity of PTSD and CPTSD than the  limited maltreatment and the high neglect class, with effect sizes ranging from 0.62  to 0.93. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The association of the cumulative maltreatment class with the  highest symptom severity of PTSD and CPTSD highlights the detrimental effect of  cumulative maltreatment. The detection of a high neglect class identifies children  and adolescents, who are at high-risk of experiencing future maltreatment because of  their previous experiences of neglect and the associated lack of protection. The  examination of the association of distinct maltreatment classes with ICD-11 PTSD and  CPTSD might provide implications for targeted prevention, assessment and treatment.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2000-8198",
doi="10.1080/20008198.2020.1832757",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1832757"
}