@article{ref1,
title="The English and Chinese language versions of the Short Form 12-item Health Survey are equivalent",
journal="Health and quality of life outcomes",
year="2021",
author="Kwok, C. and Lam, K. F. and Choi, Edmond P. H. and Wong, Janet Y. H. and Fong, Daniel Y. T.",
volume="19",
number="1",
pages="e14-e14",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The Short Form 12-item Health Survey (SF-12v2) was originally developed in English, but it is also available in Hong Kong (HK) Chinese. While both language  versions had their measurement properties well assessed in their respective  populations, their measurement invariance in scores has not been examined. Therefore, we aimed to assess their measurement invariance. <br><br>METHODS: We conducted a  cross-sectional study on individuals aged 18 years or older at a university campus. Those who were bilingual in English and Chinese were randomly assigned to  self-complete either the standard English or the HK Chinese SF-12v2. Measurement  invariance of the two components and eight scales of the SF-12v2 was concluded if  the corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI) for the difference between the two  language versions entirely fell within the minimal clinically important difference  of ± 3 units. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also performed. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1013 participants completed the SF-12v2 (496 in English and 517  in HK Chinese), with a mean age of 22 years (Range 18-58), and 626 participants  (62%) were female. There were no significant differences in demographics. Only the  physical and mental components and the mental health (MH) scale had their 90% CIs  (0.21 to 1.61, - 1.00 to 0.98, and - 0.86 to 2.84, respectively) completely fall  within the ± 3 units. The multiple-group CFA showed partial strict invariance. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The English and HK Chinese versions of the SF-12v2 can be used in  studies with their two components and MH scores pooled in the analysis.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1477-7525",
doi="10.1186/s12955-020-01653-0",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01653-0"
}