@article{ref1,
title="Rugby-related adult maxillofacial trauma injuries: a NEISS database study",
journal="Oral and maxillofacial surgery",
year="2021",
author="Sokoya, Mofiyinfolu and Ducic, Yadranko and Shokri, Tom and Cohn, Jason E. and Pion, Tyler and Lafferty, David",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study is to delineate the data on maxillofacial trauma in rugby utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance  System (NEISS) database. Specifically, we want to establish the prevalence of facial  rugby injuries in terms of age, mechanism of injury, and degree of injury in order  to develop ways to limit facial trauma in the future. <br><br>METHODS: The NEISS database  was accessed in February 2020 in order to identify adult patients (> 19 years of  age) presenting to the emergence department (ED) for rugby-related head and facial  injuries from the previous 10 years (2009-2018). Descriptive statistics were  organized and presented. Chi-squared testing (χ(2)) was performed to compare  categorical variables, and ANOVA was performed to compare continuous variables. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 507 patients (national estimate = 18,952) from 2009 to 2018 were  identified as appropriate for study inclusion. The most common injuries were those  to the facial region including the eyelid, eye area, and nose (59.4%). The most  frequently encountered facial fracture while playing rugby was the nasal bone  (58.6%). Overall, 98.4% of patients who presented to the ED with rugby injuries were  treated and released, 1.2% were admitted or observed, and 0.4% left against medical  advice. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: When evaluating a patient with a rugby-related injury, one  should expect injuries to the eyelid, eye area, or nose. The most common fracture  pattern will most likely be nasal bone. Despite these injuries, the vast majority of  patients will be treated and released.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1865-1550",
doi="10.1007/s10006-020-00925-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10006-020-00925-9"
}