@article{ref1,
title="Situational risk factors for fall-related vertebral fractures in older men and women",
journal="Osteoporosis international",
year="2021",
author="Hwang, H.-f. and Yu, W.-y. and Lin, M.-r. and Chen, C.-y.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Situational factors might help explain why most vertebral fractures occur in older people without a previous osteoporosis diagnosis. After adjusting for predisposing  risk factors, the activity before the fall, type of fall, and falling direction  remained as strong determinants of fall-related vertebral fractures in older men and  women. <br><br>INTRODUCTION: A matched case-control study was conducted to investigate the  effects of situational factors, in addition to predisposing factors, on clinical  vertebral fractures in older men and women in Taiwan. <br><br>METHODS: Cases were  community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 65 years who visited emergency departments  (EDs) of two university-affiliated hospitals due to a fall and had a primary  diagnosis of a vertebral fracture during a 1-year period in 2017. Five control  patients per case, matched by the time of falling, gender, and age, who sought care  in the same ED due to a fall resulting in a soft tissue injury were selected. A  total of 64 men (age range: 65 ~ 99 years) and 194 women (age range: 65 ~ 100  years), diagnosed with a vertebral fracture, participated in the study. <br><br>RESULTS:  Multivariable logistic models were conducted separately for men and women. <br><br>RESULTS  suggested that the following factors were significantly associated with an increased  risk of vertebral fractures in men: a low educational level (adjusted odds ratio  [OR] = 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02 ~ 3.71), asthma (OR = 2.96; 95% CI,  1.35 ~ 6.92), depression (OR = 4.31; 95% CI, 1.03 ~ 17.5), toileting (OR = 2.30; 95%  CI, 1.04 ~ 4.94), slipping (OR = 5.27; 95% CI, 1.80 ~ 15.4), stepping down (OR =  3.99; 95% CI, 1.40 ~ 11.4), sudden leg weakness (OR = 3.73; 95% CI, 1.13 ~ 12.4),  and falling backwards (OR = 3.78; 95% CI, 1.83 ~ 7.80); and in women: a fracture  history (OR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.07 ~ 3.76), osteoporosis (OR = 1.94; 95% CI, 1.15 ~  3.49), getting in/out of the bed/chair (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.07 ~ 3.39), stepping  down (OR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.17 ~ 3.77), and falling backwards (OR = 4.00; 95% CI,  2.39 ~ 6.68) and sideways (OR = 2.61; 95% CI, 1.38 ~ 4.96). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The  combination of predisposing and situational risk factors may display a more  comprehensive risk profile for the occurrence of VFs, and thus, interventions that  add both types of risk factors may result in greater risk reduction of VFs, although  those specifically targeted at situational risk factors during falls are limited and  their effectiveness and efficiency remained to be explored.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0937-941X",
doi="10.1007/s00198-020-05799-x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05799-x"
}