@article{ref1,
title="Cardiovascular health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure",
journal="Particle and fibre toxicology",
year="2021",
author="Bromberg, Philip A. and Samet, James M. and Chen, Hao and Tong, Haiyan",
volume="18",
number="1",
pages="e2-e2",
abstract="In recent years, wildland fires have occurred more frequently and with increased intensity in many fire-prone areas. In addition to the direct life and economic  losses attributable to wildfires, the emitted smoke is a major contributor to  ambient air pollution, leading to significant public health impacts. Wildfire smoke  is a complex mixture of particulate matter (PM), gases such as carbon monoxide,  nitrogen oxide, and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. PM from wildfire  smoke has a high content of elemental carbon and organic carbon, with lesser amounts  of metal compounds. Epidemiological studies have consistently found an association  between exposure to wildfire smoke (typically monitored as the PM concentration) and  increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. However, previous reviews of the  health effects of wildfire smoke exposure have not established a conclusive link  between wildfire smoke exposure and adverse cardiovascular effects. In this review,  we systematically evaluate published epidemiological observations, controlled  clinical exposure studies, and toxicological studies focusing on evidence of  wildfire smoke exposure and cardiovascular effects, and identify knowledge gaps. Improving exposure assessment and identifying sensitive cardiovascular endpoints  will serve to better understand the association between exposure to wildfire smoke  and cardiovascular effects and the mechanisms involved. Similarly, filling the  knowledge gaps identified in this review will better define adverse cardiovascular  health effects of exposure to wildfire smoke, thus informing risk assessments and  potentially leading to the development of targeted interventional strategies to  mitigate the health impacts of wildfire smoke.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1743-8977",
doi="10.1186/s12989-020-00394-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-020-00394-8"
}