@article{ref1,
title="Bullying and pain in school-aged children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study",
journal="SAGE open nursing",
year="2019",
author="Vilhjalmsson, Runar and Hansson, Erika and Garmy, Pernilla and Kristjansdottir, Gudrun",
volume="5",
number="",
pages="e2377960819887556-e2377960819887556",
abstract="Bullying is defined as repeated and unwanted aggressive behavior involving a power imbalance and hurt children and adolescents' socioemotional functioning. The aim is  to investigate associations between pain (headache, stomach pain, backache, and  neck/shoulder pain) and bullying among school-aged children and adolescents. This  cross-sectional school-based survey comes from the Icelandic data set in the  international research network Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children. The study  population included all Icelandic students in Grades 6, 8, and 10 (ages 11, 13, and  15 years, respectively; participation rate, 84%; n = 10,626). An anonymous  standardized questionnaire was distributed and completed by students in their  classrooms. About every 8 in 10 bullied students reported weekly pain (79%),  compared with little over half of nonbullied students (57%). The prevalence of pain  was significantly higher among bullied students compared with their nonbullied  peers. Being a bullying victim was associated with an increased frequency of  experiencing headaches, stomachaches, and back pain, in addition to neck or shoulder  pain. It is important for mental health nurses and health professionals to ask about  pain when meeting with children and adolescents as well as to inquire about their  peer relationships.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2377-9608",
doi="10.1177/2377960819887556",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2377960819887556"
}