@article{ref1,
title="Injuries, treatment, and impairment caused by different types of fireworks; results of a 10 year multicenter retrospective cohort study",
journal="Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine",
year="2021",
author="Verhofstad, Michael H. J. and van der Vlies, Cornelis H. and Dijkshoorn, J. Niels and Van Lieshout, Esther M. M. and Van Yperen, Daan T.",
volume="29",
number="1",
pages="e11-e11",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the number of patients reported to a hospital with injuries from consumer fireworks in the months  December-January in the past 10 years, and to describe the association between the  type of fireworks, injury pattern, treatment, and permanent impairment. <br><br>METHODS: A  multicenter, retrospective, observational case series. Patients were selected from  two hospitals in the Southwest Netherlands: a level 1 trauma center and a  specialized burn center. All patients with any fireworks-related injuries treated  between December 1 and January 31, during 2007 (December) to 2017 (January), were  eligible for participation. The primary outcome was the number of patients with any  type of injury caused by fireworks. The secondary outcome measures were patient and  injury characteristics, treatment details, and whole person impairment (WPI). The  percentage WPI expresses a patient's degree of permanent impairments as a result of  fireworks-related injuries. <br><br>RESULTS: Of the 297 eligible patients, 272 patients were  included. From 2007 to 2017, between 21 and 40 patients were treated, and no clear  increase or decrease was observed in the number of patients and in the number of  patients per type of fireworks. Explosive fireworks mainly caused upper extremity  (N = 65; 68%) injuries, while rockets (N = 24; 41%) and aerials (N = 7; 41%) mainly  affected the head/neck. Decorative fireworks predominantly resulted in burns  (N = 82; 68%), and explosive fireworks in soft tissue lacerations (N = 24; 25%),  fractures (N = 16; 17%), and amputations (N = 14; 15%). Patients injured by  explosive and homemade fireworks were most often admitted to a hospital  (respectively N = 24; 36% and N = 12; 80%), and resulted in the highest proportion  undergoing surgical procedures (respectively N = 22; 33% and N = 7; 47%). WPI found  in this study was between 0 to 95%, with a median of 0%. In 34 (14%) patients, the  injuries resulted in a WPI of ≥1%, mostly as a result of explosive fireworks  (N = 18; 53%). <br><br>CONCLUSION: This study found no increase or decrease in the number of  patients treated in two specialized hospitals. Explosive and homemade fireworks  could be considered as most dangerous, as they result into the most hospital  admissions, surgical procedures, and into the most injuries with permanent  impairment as a result.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1757-7241",
doi="10.1186/s13049-020-00811-z",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13049-020-00811-z"
}