@article{ref1,
title="Characterizing human safety learning via Pavlovian conditioned inhibition",
journal="Behaviour research and therapy",
year="2021",
author="Felmingham, Kim L. and Davey, Christopher G. and Savage, Hannah S. and Fullana, Miquel Angel and Vervliet, Bram and Laing, Patrick A. F. and Harrison, Ben J.",
volume="137",
number="",
pages="e103800-e103800",
abstract="Deficient safety learning has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Despite increased translational interest, there has been limited research  on the basis of safety learning in humans. Here, we examined safety learning in  seventy-three healthy participants via a modified Pavlovian conditioned inhibition  paradigm, featuring a conditioned threat stimulus that was reinforced alone (A+),  but not when combined with a second stimulus (the conditioned inhibitor, AX-). During a test phase, X and a control safety cue (C) were combined with a second  threat stimulus to assess their inhibition of threat responses, measured via skin  conductance (SCRs) and US-expectancy ratings. Both stimuli exhibited conditioned  inhibition, but X suppressed ratings by a greater magnitude than C. Trait anxiety  also predicted increased US-expectancy ratings of X. These findings suggest that a  Pavlovian inhibitor accrues greater safety value than a merely unreinforced safety  signal. Conditioned inhibition paradigms may have utility in the ongoing study of  safety learning and its relevance to anxious psychopathology.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0005-7967",
doi="10.1016/j.brat.2020.103800",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103800"
}