@article{ref1,
title="Childhood maltreatment, prefrontal-paralimbic gray matter volume, and substance use in young adults and interactions with risk for bipolar disorder",
journal="Scientific reports",
year="2021",
author="Lippard, Elizabeth T. C. and Strakowski, Stephen M. and Fromme, Kim and Nemeroff, Charles B. and Weber, Wade A. and Radpour, Sepeadeh and Tretyak, Valeria and Kirsch, Dylan E.",
volume="11",
number="1",
pages="e123-e123",
abstract="Childhood maltreatment is associated with adverse effects on the brain, and an increased risk for psychopathology, including mood and substance use disorders. Individuals vary on the degree to which they exhibit neurobiological and clinical  differences following maltreatment. Individuals with bipolar disorder exhibit  greater magnitude of maltreatment-related prefrontal-paralimbic gray matter volume  (GMV) deficits compared to typically developing individuals. It is unclear if  greater structural differences stem from greater neural vulnerability to  maltreatment in bipolar disorder, or if they relate to presence of other clinical  features associated with childhood maltreatment, e.g., elevated prevalence of  comorbid substance use disorders. To investigate this, we compared young adults with  a family history of bipolar disorder (n = 21), but who did not fulfill diagnostic  criteria for bipolar disorder, with typically developing young adults without a  family history of bipolar disorder (n = 26). Participants completed structural  neuroimaging, clinical and family history interviews, and assessment of childhood  maltreatment and recent alcohol and cannabis use patterns. We examined relations  between childhood maltreatment and prefrontal-paralimbic GMV by modeling main  effects of maltreatment and family history group by maltreatment interactions on  prefrontal-paralimbic GMV. We also examined relations between maltreatment and  associated GMV changes with recent alcohol and cannabis use. Childhood maltreatment  correlated with lower ventral, rostral and dorsolateral prefrontal and insular  cortical GMV across all participants regardless of the presence or absence of  familial history of bipolar disorder. However, exploratory analyses did reveal  greater maltreatment-related GMV differences in individuals with prodromal symptoms  of depression. Lower insula GMV was associated with greater frequency of cannabis  use across all participants and greater quantity of alcohol use only in those with  familial risk for bipolar disorder. <br><br>RESULTS suggest familial risk for bipolar  disorder, and presumably genetic risk, may relate to outcomes following childhood  maltreatment and should be considered in prevention/early intervention strategies.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2045-2322",
doi="10.1038/s41598-020-80407-w",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80407-w"
}