@article{ref1,
title="Another gender data gap: female drowning in Aotearoa, New Zealand",
journal="Injury prevention",
year="2021",
author="Richardson, Karen and Peden, Amy Elizabeth",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: A gender gap is present in drowning research and prevention interventions, resulting in an inequitable focus on males. This study aimed to  address the gender data gap, exploring female drowning in Aotearoa, New Zealand. <br><br>METHODS: National data on female fatal and non-fatal drowning requiring  hospitalisation between 2003 and 2019 were sourced from DrownBase, Water Safety New  Zealand's drowning database. Univariate and χ(2) analyses were conducted for fatal  and hospitalisation data. Crude rates were calculated and used to explore temporal  trends and RR by age groups and ethnicity for fatal and non-fatal drowning. Ratios  for drowning-related hospitalisations and Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC)  claims to drowning deaths were also calculated. <br><br>RESULTS: From 2003 to 2019, a total  of 1087 female drowning fatalities and non-fatal (76.0%) drowning incidents  requiring hospitalisation occurred. Linear trends indicate hospitalisations  increased (y=0.0766x+1.4271; R(2)=0.4438), while fatal drowning decreased  (y=-0.0101x+0.7671; R(2)=0.1011). The highest fatal (1.60) and non-fatal (8.22)  drowning rates were seen among children aged 0-4 years. For every one female  drowning fatality, there are 3.46 hospital admissions and 675.55 ACC claims. <br><br>DISCUSSION: Female drowning represents a significant burden on the health system and  the community in New Zealand. Further investment in interventions targeting females  about their own risky behaviours around water (not only children in their care) is  suggested, including interventions focused on hazardous conditions and alcohol  consumption. <br><br>CONCLUSION: For decades, the focus of drowning prevention among  adolescents and adults has been on males. However, efforts must be broadened to  prevent any further increase in drowning-related incidents among females in  Aotearoa, New Zealand.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1353-8047",
doi="10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044072",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044072"
}