@article{ref1,
title="The neuropsychological outcomes of non-fatal strangulation in domestic and sexual violence: a systematic review",
journal="Neuropsychological rehabilitation",
year="2021",
author="Coetzer, Rudi and Saville, Christopher W. N. and Byrne, Christopher and Bichard, Helen",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="This systematic review draws together evidence from the literature for the pathological, neurological, cognitive, psychological, and behavioural outcomes of  non-fatal strangulation in domestic and sexual violence. A systematic search of  PubMed, PsycINFO, CINHAL, Proquest, ASSIA, Web of Science, WestLaw, Open Grey, and  Ethos was conducted, with no date limits set, to identify eligible studies. Thirty  empirical, peer-reviewed studies were found which met the inclusion criteria. Pathological changes included arterial dissection and stroke. Neurological  consequences included loss of consciousness, indicating at least mild acquired brain  injury, seizures, motor and speech disorders, and paralysis. Psychological outcomes  included PTSD, depression, suicidality, and dissociation. Cognitive and behavioural  sequelae were described less frequently, but included memory loss, increased  aggression, compliance, and lack of help-seeking. However, no studies used formal  neuropsychological assessment: the majority were medical case studies or based on  self-report. Furthermore, few authors were able to control for possible confounds,  including other physical violence and existing psychosocial difficulties. There is  therefore a need for further neuropsychological research, focusing on cognitive and  behavioural outcomes, using standardized tools, and control groups where possible. This is urgent, given societal normalization of strangulation, and legal systems  which often do not reflect the act's severity and its consequences.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0960-2011",
doi="10.1080/09602011.2020.1868537",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09602011.2020.1868537"
}