@article{ref1,
title="Hate crimes against Asian Americans",
journal="American journal of criminal justice",
year="2021",
author="Zhang, Yan and Benton, Francis and Zhang, Lening",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Using 1992-2014 data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), the present study examines the nature and characteristics of hate crimes against Asian  Americans by comparing them with those of hate crimes against African Americans and  Hispanics. Minority-general and minority-specific models are proposed to guide the  analysis. The findings are mixed. The analyses of all victim-related and most  offender-related variables show similarities of hate crimes against Asian Americans  to those against African Americans and Hispanics. These findings provide support for  the minority-general model. Offenders' race and all incident-related variables of  hate crimes against Asian Americans, however, differ significantly from those of  hate crimes against African Americans and Hispanics. These significant differences  provide support for the minority-specific model.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1066-2316",
doi="10.1007/s12103-020-09602-9",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09602-9"
}