@article{ref1,
title="Testing risk and protective factor assumptions in the Icelandic model of adolescent substance use prevention",
journal="Health education research",
year="2021",
author="Soriano, Humberto E. and Sigfusson, Jon and Mann, Michael J. and Allegrante, John P. and Thorisdottir, Ingibjorg E. and Lilly, Christa L. and Kristjánsson, Alfgeir L. and Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Iceland has witnessed a dramatic decline in adolescent substance use that may be partly the result of efforts related to the Icelandic prevention model (IPM). We  sought to test risk and protective factor assumptions of the IPM using a prospective  cohort study with 12 months separating baseline from follow-up. Participants were  students in grades 8 and 9 in the national Icelandic school system enrolled in the  spring of 2018 and 2019 (N=2165). Participants self-reported their experiences of  cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and cannabis use and seven risk and  protective factors. Analyses were conducted with generalized linear modeling with  extension to general estimating equations with correlated outcomes data. Both  individual main-effects models and collective models including all main-effects were  tested. Out of 28 individual main-effects models, 23 produced findings consistent  with study premises (P<0.05). Multiple main-effects models largely sustained the  findings of the individual main-effects models. <br><br>FINDINGS support the assumption that  the risk and protective factors commonly emphasized in the IPM are associated with  the four different substance use outcomes in the hypothesized direction. Communities  that plan to implement the IPM among adolescents might consider these factors in  their work.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0268-1153",
doi="10.1093/her/cyaa052",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa052"
}