@article{ref1,
title="Sex differences in US Army suicide attempts during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan",
journal="Medical care",
year="2021",
author="Kao, Tzu-Cheg and Wynn, Gary H. and Dinh, Hieu M. and Fullerton, Carol S. and Aliaga, Pablo A. and Stein, Murray B. and Mash, Holly B. Herberman and Naifeh, James A. and Vance, Mary C. and Sampson, Nancy A. and Ursano, Robert J. and Kessler, Ronald C.",
volume="59",
number="",
pages="S42-S50",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in risk for administratively documented suicide attempt (SA) among US Army soldiers during the Iraq/Afghanistan wars. <br><br>METHOD: Using administrative person-month records of Regular Army enlisted soldiers  from 2004 to 2009, we identified 9650 person-months with a first documented SA and  an equal-probability control sample (n=153,528 person-months). Person-months were  weighted to the population and pooled over time. After examining the association of  sex with SA in a logistic regression analysis, predictors were examined separately  among women and men. <br><br>RESULTS: Women (an estimated 13.7% of the population) accounted  for 25.2% of SAs and were more likely than men to attempt suicide after adjusting  for sociodemographic, service-related, and mental health diagnosis (MHDx) variables  (odds ratio=1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-1.7). Women with increased odds of SA  in a given person-month were younger, non-Hispanic White, less educated, in their  first term of enlistment, never or previously deployed (vs. currently deployed), and  previously received a MHDx. The same variables predicted SA among men. Interactions  indicated significant but generally small differences between women and men on 6 of  the 8 predictors, the most pronounced being time in service, deployment status, and  MHDx. Discrete-time survival models examining risk by time in service demonstrated  that patterns for women and men were similar, and that women's initially higher risk  diminished as time in service increased. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of documented SAs  are similar for US Army women and men. Differences associated with time in service,  deployment status, and MHDx require additional research. Future research should  consider stressors that disproportionately affect women.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0025-7079",
doi="10.1097/MLR.0000000000001425",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001425"
}