@article{ref1,
title="Circumstances associated with suicides among females-16 states, United States, 2005-2016",
journal="Medical care",
year="2021",
author="Crosby, Alex E. and Lyons, Bridget H. and Ertl, Allison and Jack, Shane P. D. and Ivey-Stephenson, Asha Z.",
volume="59",
number="",
pages="S92-S99",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Suicide rates in the United States have been consistently increasing since 2005 and increasing faster among females than among males. Understanding  circumstances related to the changes in suicide may help inform prevention programs. This study describes the circumstances associated with suicides among females in the  United States using the National Violent Death Reporting System. <br><br>METHODS: We  analyzed the circumstances of suicides occurring from 2005 to 2016 in 16 states  (Alaska, Colorado, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New  Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah,  Virginia, and Wisconsin) among females aged 10 years and above. We compared the  percentages of circumstances reported for the entire sample, by age group, and by  race/ethnicity. Trends in changes in the leading circumstances were analyzed using  Joinpoint regression. <br><br>RESULTS: From 2005 to 2016, there were 27,809 suicides among  females 10 years and older in the 16 states. Overall, the 2 leading precipitating  circumstances were current mental health problem and ever treated for mental health  problem. The leading circumstances differed by demographics. Joinpoint analysis  showed inflection points in reports of job problems, financial problems, and  non-intimate partner relationship problems during 2005-2009. During 2010-2016,  downward inflections were seen in reports of job problems and financial problems and  upward inflections in substance abuse problems and a recent or impending crisis. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings show changes by age group and race/ethnicity in the  circumstances associated with suicides among females in the 16 states have occurred. Studying these shifts and identifying the most salient circumstances among female  suicide decedents may help prevention programs adapt to different needs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0025-7079",
doi="10.1097/MLR.0000000000001482",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0000000000001482"
}