@article{ref1,
title="Emergency department visits among patients transported by law enforcement officers",
journal="PLoS one",
year="2021",
author="Rosen, David L. and Travers, Debbie",
volume="16",
number="1",
pages="e0244679-e0244679",
abstract="Law enforcement officers frequently encounter people with health conditions. We sought to estimate the rates, diagnoses, and characteristics of emergency department  (ED) visits among patients transported directly by law enforcement. We analyzed  statewide North Carolina Emergency Department data for adults, aged 18+ years, from  2009 to 2016. We estimated transport rates using census data; categorized primary ED  diagnoses into 13 major and 8 substituent categories; compared county transport  rates by rurality; and examined patient characteristics. There were 136,240 patients  transported by law enforcement; annual rates increased from 186.9 (per 100,000 adult  residents) in 2009 to 279.2 in 2016. Among visits, 67.7% were among men, the median  age was 37 years, and 20.4% resulted in a hospital admission. Most common primary  diagnoses were Mental Health Diagnoses (43.1%)-including Schizophrenia and other  Psychotic Disorders (7.6%), Mood Disorders (9.7%), and Alcohol and Substance Use  (10.7%)-followed by Injury and Poisoning (12.4%) and Circulatory conditions (4.1%). Involuntary commitments constituted 22% of all visits. The median transport rate in  rural counties, 291.1, was 2 times that of large metro counties, 145.1. The visit  rate increased by nearly 50% during the study period, with the highest rates in  rural counties. Many transports were for Mental Illness and involuntary commitments. The relatively common occurrence of law enforcement transports suggests the need for  greater research to understand factors influencing law enforcement transport  decisions, the impact of these transports on patient health and safety, and the  repercussions on patient care of a growing officer presence in EDs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1932-6203",
doi="10.1371/journal.pone.0244679",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244679"
}