@article{ref1,
title="Gait parameters of Parkinson's disease compared with healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
journal="Scientific reports",
year="2021",
author="Costa, Rochelle Rocha and Kruel, Luiz Fernando Martins and Dos Santos, Ivan Oliveira and Passos-Monteiro, Elren and Peyré-Tartaruga, Leonardo Alexandre and da Silva, Edson Soares and Zanardi, Ana Paula Janner",
volume="11",
number="1",
pages="e752-e752",
abstract="We systematically reviewed observational and clinical trials (baseline) studies examining differences in gait parameters between Parkinson's disease (PD) in  on-medication state and healthy control. Four electronic databases were searched  (November-2018 and updated in October-2020). Independent researchers identified  studies that evaluated gait parameters measured quantitatively during self-selected  walking speed. Risk of bias was assessed using an instrument proposed by Downs and  Black (1998). Pooled effects were reported as standardized mean differences and 95%  confidence intervals using a random-effects model. A total of 72 studies involving  3027 participants (1510 with PD and 1517 health control) met the inclusion criteria. The self-selected walking speed, stride length, swing time and hip excursion were  reduced in people with PD compared with healthy control. Additionally, PD subjects  presented higher cadence and double support time. Although with a smaller difference  for treadmill, walking speed is reduced both on treadmill (.13 m s(-1)) and on  overground (.17 m s(-1)) in PD. The self-select walking speed, stride length,  cadence, double support, swing time and sagittal hip angle were altered in people  with PD compared with healthy control. The precise determination of these  modifications will be beneficial in determining which intervention elements are most  critical in bringing about positive, clinically meaningful changes in individuals  with PD (PROSPERO protocol CRD42018113042).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2045-2322",
doi="10.1038/s41598-020-80768-2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80768-2"
}