@article{ref1,
title="Revisiting the Stanford prison experiment: Could participant self-selection have led to the cruelty?",
journal="Personality and social psychology bulletin",
year="2007",
author="Carnahan, Thomas and McFarland, Shallyn",
volume="33",
number="5",
pages="603-614",
abstract="The authors investigated whether students who selectively volunteer for a study of prison life possess dispositions associated with behaving abusively. Students were recruited for a psychological study of prison life using a virtually identical newspaper ad as used in the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE; Haney, Banks & Zimbardo, 1973) or for a psychological study, an identical ad minus the words of prison life. Volunteers for the prison study scored significantly higher on measures of the abuse-related dispositions of aggressiveness, authoritarianism, Machiavellianism, narcissism, and social dominance and lower on empathy and altruism, two qualities inversely related to aggressive abuse. Although implications for the SPE remain a matter of conjecture, an interpretation in terms of person-situation interactionism rather than a strict situationist account is indicated by these findings. Implications for interpreting the abusiveness of American military guards at Abu Ghraib Prison also are discussed.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-1672",
doi="10.1177/0146167206292689",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167206292689"
}