@article{ref1,
title="Effects of robot-assisted gait training on postural instability in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review",
journal="European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine",
year="2021",
author="Picelli, Alessandro and Capecci, Marianna and Filippetti, Mirko and Varalta, Valentina and Fonte, Cristina and DI Censo, Rita and Zadra, Alessandro and Chignola, Irene and Scarpa, Stefano and Amico, Angelo P. and Antenucci, Roberto and Baricich, Alessio and Benanti, Paolo and Bissolotti, Luciano and Boldrini, Paolo and Bonaiuti, Donatella and Castelli, Enrico and Cavalli, Loredana and DI Stefano, Giuseppina and Draicchio, Francesco and Falabella, Vincenzo and Galeri, Silvia and Gimigliano, Francesca and Grigioni, Mauro and Jonsdodttir, Johanna and Lentino, Carmelo and Massai, Perla and Mazzoleni, Stefano and Mazzon, Stefano and Molteni, Franco and Morelli, Sandra and Morone, Giovanni and Panzeri, Daniele and Petrarca, Maurizio and Posteraro, Federico and Senatore, Michele and Taglione, Elisa and Turchetti, Giuseppe and Bowman, Thomas and Nardone, Antonio",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Postural instability is a cardinal feature of Parkinson's disease, together with rest tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. It is a highly disabling symptom that becomes increasingly common with disease progression and represents a major source of reduced quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. Rehabilitation aims to enable patients with Parkinson's disease to maintain their maximum level of mobility, activity and independence. To date, a wide range of rehabilitation approaches has been employed to treat postural instability in Parkinson's disease, including robotic training. Our main aim was to conduct a systematic review of current literature about the effects of robot-assisted gait training on postural instability in patients with Parkinson's disease. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search using the following MeSH terms (Parkinson disease; postural balance; robotics; rehabilitation) and string {(&quot;robotics [mh]&quot; OR &quot;robot-assisted&quot; OR &quot;electromechanical&quot;) and (&quot;rehabilitation [mh]&quot; OR &quot;training&quot;) and (&quot;postural balance [mh]&quot;)} was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library and PEDro electronic databases. Full text articles in English published up to December 2020 were included. Data about patient characteristics, robotic devices, treatment procedures and outcome measures were considered. Every included article got checked for quality. Level of evidence was defined for all studies. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Three authors independently extracted and verified data. In total, 18 articles (2 systematic reviews, 9 randomized controlled trials, 4 uncontrolled studies and 3 case series/case reports) were included. Both end-effector and exoskeleton devices were investigated as to robot-assisted gait training modalities. No clear relationship between treatment parameters and clinical conditions was observed. We found a high level of evidence about the effects of robot-assisted gait training on balance and freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides to the reader a complete overview of current literature and levels of evidence about the effects of robot-assisted gait training on postural instability issues (static and dynamic balance, freezing of gait, falls, confidence in activities of daily living and gait parameters related to balance skills) in patients with Parkinson's disease.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1973-9087",
doi="10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06939-2",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06939-2"
}