@article{ref1,
title="Evaluation of a local ordinance to prevent any underage purchases in liquor stores: the need for enforcement",
journal="Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs",
year="2021",
author="Milam, Adam J. and Furr-Holden, C. Debra M. and Nesoff, Elizabeth D. and Trangenstein, Pamela J.",
volume="82",
number="2",
pages="219-227",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: In June 2012, Baltimore City, MD, enacted legislation (commonly referred to as the Mosby Bill) prohibiting all liquor stores (outlets that primarily sell alcoholic beverages) from selling &quot;any food, goods, wares, supplies, or other merchandise to any person under the age of 18.&quot; Three years after enactment, we evaluated the impact of this legislation on non-alcohol product sales among youth. <br><br>METHOD: Research assistants (RAs) ages 16-20 were trained in using a standardized observational tool to quantify and record characteristics of the outlets, including products sold. A trained pair comprising one RA age 16 to 20 and one RA exactly age 18 were sent into every liquor store (i.e., packaged goods stores and bar/taverns with packaged goods sales) in Baltimore to conduct the assessment and make a non-alcohol purchase. Since the research was not conducted in concert with the police, the 18-year-old RA made the purchase attempt while the other (age 16 to 20) RA completed the assessment. <br><br>RESULTS: Purchase attempts were made at 502 liquor stores, and 352 of those attempts were successful (able to make purchase without being asked for identification or age; noncompliance rate = 68.1%). Noncompliance was highest among packaged goods stores compared with bar/taverns, and in neighborhoods with a lower median household income and a higher proportion of African American residents (p <.050). Noncompliant outlets were also located closer to public schools (p <.050). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation demonstrates that, in the absence of enforcement, ordinances are neither likely to be honored nor to achieve the intended public health benefits.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1937-1888",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}