@article{ref1,
title="Effectiveness of two frequently used screening tools in identifying depression and anxiety in collegiate athletes",
journal="Journal of Maine Medical Center",
year="2021",
author="Isacke, Adriana C. and Haskins, Amy and Holt, Christina and Dexter, Williams",
volume="3",
number="1",
pages="-",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Electronic Pre-participation Physical Examination (EPPE), a proprietary and frequently used tool, is an effective method for depression and anxiety screening in the collegiate athlete population as compared to the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4).   Methods: College athletes at a Division III university completed PHQ-4 questionnaires and a proprietary EPPE. Positive reponse rates to depression and/or anxiety for both questionnaires were collected and analyzed with a kappa (κ) statistic.   Results: Among 420 students, we found that 9 (2%) reported depression and/or anxiety via the EPPE. Of the 26 students (6%) who answered positively on the PHQ-4, we found that 2 reported depression and/ or anxiety on the EPPE. Of the 9 students who reported a history of depression and/or anxiety on the EPPE, we found that 2 scored positively on the PHQ-4. Agreement between the 2 methods was poor (κ = 0.08).   Discussion: Reporting depression or anxiety among collegiate athletes with the EPPE screening question related to the nervous system is low compared to the PHQ-4.   Conclusions: Colleges should consider adding additional depression and anxiety screening tools during the pre- participation exam to ensure they identify and treat at-risk student athletes.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2641-2225",
doi="10.46804/2641-2225.1068",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.46804/2641-2225.1068"
}