@article{ref1,
title="The harms of structural whiteness on weapon-carrying, policing, and child health",
journal="Pediatrics",
year="2021",
author="Boyd, Rhea W.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="We live in a country that adultifies and criminalizes children simply for not being white. Adultification is the process by which certain children are perceived as older than their actual age, and as a result, regarded as less innocent and subject to callous and sometimes violent treatment. This misperception of Black children begins as young as age 5 for Black girls and age 10 for Black boys and is far from benign.   Misperceptions of children that deny them the presumption of innocence affect the ways we, as a society, protect children, legally and socially. Consequently, when children of color are routinely misperceived as older, the protections typically afforded all children as a function of their age and developmental stage can come to uniquely benefit white children, as a material advantage of their whiteness. This process has two related effects: It absolves white children from scrutiny and contributes to the inordinate policing of children of color.  Keywords: Juvenile justice <p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0031-4005",
doi="10.1542/peds.2021-050314",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-050314"
}