@article{ref1,
title="Straight-sided beer and cider glasses to reduce alcohol sales for on-site consumption: a randomised crossover trial in bars",
journal="Social science and medicine (1982)",
year="2021",
author="Brocklebank, Laura A. and Blackwell, Anna K. M. and Marteau, Theresa M. and Hollands, Gareth J. and Fletcher, Paul C. and De-Loyde, Katie and Morris, Richard W. and Pilling, Mark A. and Pechey, Rachel and Maynard, Olivia M. and Attwood, Angela S. and Munafò, Marcus R.",
volume="278",
number="",
pages="e113911-e113911",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Straight-sided glasses can slow the rate of lager consumption in a laboratory setting compared with curved glasses. Slower drinking rates may lower overall alcohol consumption. Glass shape is therefore a potential target for intervention. The aim of this randomised crossover trial was to estimate the impact of serving draught beer and cider in straight-sided glasses, compared with usual, predominantly curved glasses, on alcohol sales for on-site consumption in bars. <br><br>METHODS: Twenty-four bars in England completed two intervention periods (A) and two control periods (B) in a randomised order: 1) BABA; 2) BAAB; 3) ABBA; or 4) ABAB. Each period lasted two weeks and involved serving draught beer and cider in either straight-sided glasses (A) or the venue's usual glasses (≥75% curved; B). The primary outcome was the mean volume (in litres) of draught beer and cider sold weekly, compared between A and B periods using a paired-samples t-test on aggregate data. A regression model adjusted for season, order, special events, and busyness. <br><br>FINDINGS: Mean weekly volume sales of draught beer and cider was 690·9 L (SD 491·3 L) across A periods and 732·5 L (SD 501·0 L) across B periods. The adjusted mean difference (A minus B) was 8·9 L per week (95% CI -45·5 to 63·3; p = 0·737). <br><br>INTERPRETATION: This study provides no clear evidence that using straight-sided glasses, compared with usual, predominantly curved glasses, reduces the volume of draught beer and cider sold for on-site consumption in bars.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0277-9536",
doi="10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113911",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113911"
}