@article{ref1,
title="Evaluation of centerline audible roadway delineators (CARDs) in New York State",
journal="Transportation research record",
year="2021",
author="Zitowsky, Robert",
volume="2675",
number="4",
pages="105-115",
abstract="This study evaluated the safety effectiveness of the systemic implementation of centerline rumble strips on New York State-owned roads. In New York State, rumble strips installed on the centerline are referred to as centerline audible roadway delineators (CARDs). The effect of CARDs on head-on sideswipe (HO/SS), run-off-road (ROR), injury crashes, and fatal crashes was analyzed. This was an observational, naïve before-after with comparison group study. The treatment group included all segments where CARDs were installed in 2013, 2014, and 2015 in New York State Department of Transportation Regions 1 and 4, and Dutchess County in Region 8. Eligible segments without CARDs in those regions constituted the control group. The crashes comprised 2009 to 2017 HO/SS and ROR fatal, all injury, and property damage only crashes. The study showed that CARDs are an effective treatment to reduce ROR and HO/SS crashes. There was a decrease of 24 ROR and 9 HO/SS crashes on CARDs segments installed in 2013, a decrease of 12 ROR and 27 HO/SS crashes on CARDs segments installed in 2014, and a decrease of 40 ROR and 35 HO/SS crashes on CARDs segments installed in 2015. Crash modification factors (CMFs) developed for CARDs included ROR crashes (a CMF of 0.774 [expected reduction of 22.6%] in all ROR crashes); HO/SS crashes (a CMF of 0.623 [expected reduction of 37.7%] in HO/SS total crashes); and HO/SS injury crashes (a CMF of 0.572 [expected reduction of 42.8%] in injury HO/SS crashes).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0361-1981",
doi="10.1177/0361198120972697",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120972697"
}