@article{ref1,
title="Cattle droppings litter our city roads: herders' encroachments, risk factors and roadmap for achieving sustainable development goals",
journal="African and Asian studies",
year="2020",
author="Iwuoha, Victor Chidubem",
volume="19",
number="4",
pages="336-362",
abstract="Herders-farmers violent conflicts and flare-ups have spread throughout central and southern communities in Nigeria, but exclude the urban areas. I examine 'herders - urban residents' conflicts. Herders roam their cattle from outskirts to city roads, disrupting traffic and leaving behind trails of excrement and offensive smells causing dangerous nuisance. I argue that the new practice of cattle herders' encroachments on city roads poses some socio-economic risks such as environmental decay, air pollution, displacement of urban livelihoods, road accidents and non-violent conflicts. Primary data was elicited from herders and residents in four major cities in Nigeria such as Aba, Awka, Nsukka and Owerri. I conclude by reflecting on the consequences of these socio-economic and environment-related risk factors which combine to undermine the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG s), and proffer solutions to address them. I make forecast in the form of early warning system that; cattle herders - urban residents cantankerous and confrontational interrelationships (though 'non-violent conflicts') could escalate and implode into dangerous 'violent conflict' scenarios if neglected.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1569-2094",
doi="10.1163/15692108-12341462",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341462"
}