@article{ref1,
title="Behavioral pathways in bicycle-motor vehicle crashes: from contributing factors, pre-crash actions, to injury severities",
journal="Journal of safety research",
year="2021",
author="Liu, Jun and Jones, Steven and Adanu, Emmanuel Kofi and Li, Xiaobing",
volume="77",
number="",
pages="229-240",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: This study performed a path analysis to uncover the behavioral pathways (from contributing factors, pre-crash actions to injury severities) in bicycle-motor vehicle crashes. <br><br>METHOD: The analysis investigated more than 7,000 bicycle-motor vehicle crashes in North Carolina between 2007 and 2014. Pre-crash actions discussed in this study are actions of cyclists and motorists prior to the event of a crash, including &quot;bicyclist failed to yield,&quot; &quot;motorist failed to yield,&quot; &quot;bicyclist overtaking motorist,&quot; and &quot;motorist overtaking bicyclist.&quot; RESULTS: Model results show significant correlates of pre-crash actions and bicyclist injury severity. For example, young bicyclists (18 years old or younger) are 23.5% more likely to fail to yield to motor traffic prior to the event of a crash than elder bicyclists. The &quot;bicyclist failed to yield&quot; action is associated with increased bicyclist injury severity than other actions, as this behavior is associated with an increase of 5.88 percentage points in probability of a bicyclist being at least evidently injured. The path analysis can highlight contributing factors related to risky pre-crash actions that lead to severe injuries. For example, bicyclists traveling on regular vehicle travel lanes are found to be more likely to involve the &quot;bicyclist failed to yield&quot; action, which resulted in a total 44.38% (7.04% direct effect + 37.34% indirect effect) higher likelihood of evident or severe injuries. The path analysis can also identify factors (e.g., intersection) that are not directly but indirectly correlated with injury severity through pre-crash actions. Practical Applications: This study offers a methodological framework to quantify the behavioral pathways in bicycle-motor vehicle crashes. The findings are useful for cycling safety improvements from the perspective of bicyclist behavior, such as the educational program for cyclists.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0022-4375",
doi="10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.015",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.015"
}